... | ... | @@ -29,45 +29,5 @@ The status of the transmit unit is shown by TX_BUSY in order to prevent data cor |
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== UART data frame
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The UART communication transmits bytes by splitting the data into their individual bits in order to transfer them sequentially over a single transmission line.
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Data is received by reversing the process. During idle, the transmission line is pulled high. The start of transmission is declared by sending the start bit as shown in figure 43.
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The receiver uses the start bit to detect the beginning of the next data package.
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image::https://es.technikum-wien.at/openlab/openlab_wiki/wikis/img/OpenLab_osci_FPGA_imp/osci_FPGA_imp_UART_frame.PNG[caption="Figure 1: ",title="UART data frame",align="center"]
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The next transmitted bits contain the data word and can vary in sizes between 5 to 9 bits. The parity bit is optional and not displayed in figure 43.
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It can be used in order to detect corrupted data packets, but uses bandwidth and therefore reduces the data rate. The end of one transmission cycle is declared by the stop bit.
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Depending on the configuration of the UART interface, the stop bit can be 1, 1.5 or 2 bits long. The data rate depends on the selected baud rate.
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It declares the frequency at which one bit is transfered. Regarding the OpenLab oscilloscope, the UART communication is configured to use a 8 bit wide word, no parity bit and 1 stop bit.
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== Receive Component
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The receiving part of the UART implementation is directly connected to the RX line of the Transistor–Transistor Logic (TTL) serial adapter cable.
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This component detects incoming data by checking continually the status of the RX line. If it detects an falling edge, data is being sent to the FPGA.
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This is also known as the start bit of the serial communication, which is described in section 5.3.1.
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For correctly interpreting the sequence of bits, the FPGA has to store the information at the frequency of the baud rate.
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For example, to receive data at 1 MBaud, the system clock of the OpenLab FPGA design hast to be clocked down to 1 MHz. This is done by implementing a simple clock divider.
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At each clock cycle one bit of the received data package is stored into a register. After the stop bit was received, the "FINISHED" flag is set and the data is ready for further processing.
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== Transmit Component
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This component is structured in a similar way as the receiving part, explained in section 5.3.2. The 8 bit user data, that should be transfered, is applied as a parallel signal to this module.
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To prevent corrupted data, the transfer will only start after the "START" input signal is high.
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During transfer the "BUSY" line will be high to indicate that the transmitter is currently in use and the output data of the transmitter is not yet valid.
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== Transfer Rate and Data Integrity
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The maximum achievable stable transfer rate of the SERIAL_COM_8N1 component, is 2 MBaud. However, the FPGA is theoretical capable of much higher data rates.
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Further tests revealed that at some host PCs during a 2 MBaud data transmission, some packets sent from the FPGA were not received.
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This is due to the fact that the machine was not able to clear its receiving buffer fast enough. Current data in the buffer will then be overwritten by new packets.
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In order to prevent this, the baud rate of the UART communication component can be switched between preconfigured settings.
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The baud rate can be selected between 1.2 MBaud, 1.5 MBaud and 2 MBaud.
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As the default setting, 1.5 MBaud was chosen to be the most reliable transfer speed in relation to different kinds of PCs and operating systems.
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== https://es.technikum-wien.at/openlab/openlab_wiki/wikis/home[Home] | https://es.technikum-wien.at/openlab/openlab_wiki/wikis/board_TIVAC[<Microcontroller-based TIVAC] | https://es.technikum-wien.at/openlab/openlab_wiki/wikis/sig_proc_osci_hardware[Signal Processing Front-End (XMC,TIVAC,DE0-Oscilloscope)>] |